Animal Husbandry In Odisha

Learning Outcomes:

1. Understand the livestock sector’s contribution to Odisha’s economy and rural development.
2. Identify key livestock breeds in Odisha and their characteristics.
3. Comprehend the state’s initiatives and policies for livestock and fisheries development.
4. Explore the structure and functions of government livestock farms and departments.

The livestock sector in Odisha plays a vital role in sustaining livelihoods, contributing to 7.25% of the state’s Net Domestic Product. The state ranks 11th in egg production, 13th in meat production, and 16th in milk production among Indian states as per the Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2016. Odisha contributes 4.05% to the country’s total livestock population.

Livestock Population in Odisha

Odisha hosts a diverse population of livestock, including buffalo, goats, sheep, pigs, and poultry.

Buffalo

1. Per-capita milk consumption: 120 grams per day, significantly lower than the national average of 355 grams.
2. Population: 7.26 lakh (Economic Survey 2017-18).
3. Breeds: Parlakimedi, Manda, Jirangi, Kalahandi, Kujang, Arni (Koraput), Chilika. The Manda and Jirangi breeds are notable for high-fat milk content.

Goat

1. Population: 65.13 lakh (Economic Survey 2017-18).
2. Breeds: Malkangiri, Raigarh, Ganjam, Narayanapatna, Koraput hill goat, Ganjam hill goat.

Sheep

1. Population: 15.81 lakh (Economic Survey 2017-18).
2. Breeds: Kuzi, Ganjam, Koraput, Machkund strain, Dharamagarh, Kathargad-Dasmantpur.

Pig

1. Population: 2.80 lakh (Economic Survey 2017-18).
2. Breeds: Burudi (Koraput), Pondi/Jhinga (Rayagada), Wild piglet (Malkangiri tribal villages).

Poultry/Duck Development

1. Per-capita egg consumption: 46, below the national average of 55.
2. Income potential: High for rural, urban poor, and SC/ST communities.
3. Policy: Odisha launched the Poultry Development Policy in 2015-16, providing assistance to 7,500 BPL beneficiaries in 30 districts.
4. Infrastructure: 48 district poultry hatcheries established with SGSY (Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana) funding.

Government Livestock/Poultry Farms

Government Poultry Farms

1. Total of 8 state poultry farms in Bhubaneswar, Sundargarh, Koraput, Bolangir.
2. 2 duck breeding farms located in Cuttack, functioning with central assistance.

Government Goat Farms

1. Objectives: Production and distribution of male goats for breeding, breed improvement, exposure visits, and training in ideal goat rearing.
2. Locations: Bolangir, Deogarh, Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj, Sundargarh.

Government Cattle Breeding Farm

1. Location: Sunabeda, Koraput.
2. Goals: Genetic improvement of cattle, biodiversity protection, production of improved bulls for breeding programs, and fodder distribution.
3. Additional farms: Chipilima, Khapuria, Keonjhar, Remuna, Bhanjanagar, Boudh, Sundargarh, Kuarmunda.

State Initiatives for Livestock Development

Promotion of Dairy Entrepreneurship (PDE)

1. Objective: Promote dairy entrepreneurs through capital subsidies.
2. Focus: Modernize dairy farms, upgrade traditional technologies, handle milk marketing commercially, create self-employment.

Small Animal Development

1. Aim: Enhance meat production by upgrading small animal genetics.

National Mission for Protein Supplementation

1. Launch: Introduced in 2011-12 under RKVY (Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana).
2. Purpose: Promote animal-based protein production.

Integrated Livestock Development Programme (ILDP), Kalyani

1. Components: Cattle development, goat development, fodder development, and development of the Chiplima fodder farm.
2. Service: Doorstep livestock services for rural farmers using superior dairy breeds.

Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers Federation Limited (OMFED)

1. Established: 1985.
2. Role: Symbolizes Odisha’s white revolution, produces, procures, processes, and markets milk and products to support rural farmers.

Odisha State Poultry Producers Cooperative Marketing Federation Limited (OPOLFED)

1. Established: 1984.
2. Function: Promote poultry products, operates through Primary Poultry Cooperative Society (PPCS) and Women Poultry Cooperative Society (WPCS) in Khurda and Angul districts.

Livestock Sector Policy

1. Formulated: 2002-03.
2. Objective: Utilize the livestock sector for rural socio-economic development, aiming for steady improvement in living standards.

Breeding Policy

1. Objective: Improve local cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, and poultry breeds.
2. Implementation: Upgrading cattle breeds with Gir, Red Sindhi, Tharparkar, Kankrej, Ongole, and buffaloes with Murrah and Surti.
3. Facilities: 8 Exotic Cattle Breeding (ECB) farms producing high-quality bull calves for natural services/artificial insemination.

Artificial Insemination (AI)

1. Centers: 2985 AI centers operating statewide.
2. Facility: Frozen Semen Bank in Cuttack, awarded ISO 9001:2008 for quality semen production.

Livestock Healthcare Services

1. Institutions: Veterinary hospitals, livestock aid centers, Animal Disease Research Institute (ADRI) at Phulnakhara (Cuttack), State Veterinary Laboratory at Chipilima (Sambalpur).

Fisheries Development in Odisha

Overview

Odisha’s fisheries sector significantly uplifts the economy with the per-capita fish consumption at 13.49 kg annually, higher than the national average of 7-8 kg.

Inland Fisheries

1. Types: Freshwater and brackish water fisheries.
2. Programs: Fish Farmers Development Agency (FFDA) provides technical and logistic support across all districts.
3. Institutions: Central Institute of Fresh Water Aquaculture (CIFA) established in 1987 for research and development.

Brackish Water Fisheries

1. Main Source: Chilika Lake in Puri, Khurda, and Ganjam districts.
2. Species: Tiger prawns, crabs, herrings, hilsa, mullet, shrimps.

Marine Fisheries

1. Scope: Odisha has 6% of India’s coastline and 4.7% of the continental shelf.
2. Fish Landing Centers: 73 centers statewide.
3. Act: Odisha Maritime Fishing Regulation Act safeguards coastal water areas.

Important Note: Chilika Lake is the largest brackish water lagoon, home to around 225 fish species.

State Initiatives for Fishery Development

Fishery Development Policy

1. Objective: Increase fish seed production, provide self-employment, enhance per capita income, and utilize unexploited water resources.
2. Integration: Development of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture (DIFA) scheme merges FFDA and BFFDA programs.

Accident Insurance Scheme

1. Coverage: Offers ₹2 lakh for accidental death or permanent disability, ₹1 lakh for partial disability, and ₹10,000 for hospitalization expenses.

Matsyajibi Basagruha Yojana

1. Purpose: Provides pucca houses to marine fishers, offering ₹1.30 lakh for IAP districts and ₹1.20 lakh for non-IAP districts.

Department of Animal Husbandry: Structure and Functions

Directorate Level

1. Roles: Administrative, technical, and official work by the Director, Joint Director, Deputy Directors, Veterinary Assistant Surgeons, and staff.

Division/District Level

1. Focus: Breeding procedure improvement, human resource development, and rural development via livestock rearing.

Comparative Analysis Table: Livestock and Fisheries Sector in Odisha

Livestock Sector	Fisheries Sector
Contributes 7.25% to NDP	Per-capita fish consumption: 13.49 kg
Diverse breeds: buffalo, goat, sheep, pig, poultry	Includes inland and marine fisheries
Livestock healthcare centers: 541 VDs, 3,839 LACs	73 marine fish landing centers statewide
AI centers: 2,985	Main source: Chilika Lake
Policy: Livestock Sector Policy (2002-03)	Policy: Fishery Development Policy (2008)

Important Note: Odisha

‘s unique geographical positioning supports both inland and marine fisheries, contributing significantly to the state’s food security and employment.

MCQ: Which breed of buffalo in Odisha is known for its high-fat content in milk?
a) Parlakimedi
b) Manda
c) Kujang
d) Kalahandi
Correct Answer: b) Manda