Demographic Profile of Odisha

Learning Outcomes:

1. Understand key demographic features of Odisha, including population size, density, growth rate, and sex-ratio.
2. Identify districts with extreme demographic characteristics in terms of population, growth rate, density, literacy, and child population.
3. Recognize key health schemes implemented in Odisha for different segments of the population.

Population of Odisha

As per the Census 2011, Odisha’s total population is 4,19,74,218, accounting for 3.47% of India’s population, ranking it 11th in the country. The gender distribution shows 2,12,12,136 males and 2,07,62,082 females.

1. The district with the highest population is Ganjam with 35,29,031.
2. The district with the lowest population is Deogarh with 3,12,520.
3. Five districts with high population: Ganjam (35,29,031), Cuttack (26,24,470), Mayurbhanj (25,19,738), Baleshwar (23,20,529), Khordha (22,51,673).
4. Five districts with low population: Deogarh (3,12,520), Boudh (4,41,162), Gajapati (5,77,817), Jharsuguda (5,79,505), Subarnapur (6,10,183).

Population Growth Rate

The growth rate in Odisha is 14.05% overall, with rural growth at 11.8% and urban growth at 26.9%.

1. District with the highest growth rate: Balangir (23.32%).
2. District with the lowest growth rate: Jagatsinghpur (7.50%).
3. Five districts with high growth rates: Balangir (23.32%), Malkangiri (21.62%), Khordha (19.94%), Nabarangpur (19.03%), Boudh (18.16%).
4. Five districts with low growth rates: Jagatsinghpur (7.50%), Bargarh (10.02%), Kendrapara (10.63%), Sambalpur (11.27%), Nayagarh (11.37%).

Population Density

Odisha has a population density of 270 persons/sq km.

1. District with the highest density: Khordha (800 persons/sq km).
2. District with the lowest density: Kandhamal (91 persons/sq km).
3. Five districts with high population densities: Khordha (800), Jagatsinghpur (682), Cuttack (667), Jajpur (630), Baleshwar (610).
4. Five districts with low population densities: Kandhamal (91), Malkangiri (106), Deogarh (106), Gajapati (134), Rayagada (137).

Sex-Ratio of Odisha

The overall sex-ratio in Odisha is 979 females per 1000 males.

1. District with the highest sex-ratio: Rayagada (1051).
2. District with the lowest sex-ratio: Nayagarh (915).
3. Five districts with high sex-ratios: Rayagada (1051), Gajapati (1043), Kandhamal (1037), Koraput (1032), Nuapada (1021).
4. Five districts with low sex-ratios: Nayagarh (915), Khordha (929), Cuttack (940), Angul (943), Dhenkanal (947).

Literacy Rate

The literacy rate of Odisha stands at 72.87%.

1. District with the highest literacy rate: Khordha (86.88%).
2. District with the lowest literacy rate: Nabarangpur (46.43%).
3. Five districts with high literacy rates: Khordha (86.88%), Jagatsinghpur (86.59%), Cuttack (85.50%), Kendrapara (85.15%), Puri (84.67%).
4. Five districts with low literacy rates: Nabarangpur (46.43%), Malkangiri (48.54%), Koraput (49.21%), Rayagada (49.76%), Gajapati (53.49%).

Child Population (0-6 Years)

The child population of Odisha is 52,73,194.

1. District with the highest child population: Ganjam (4,20,158).
2. District with the lowest child population: Deogarh (39,917).
3. Five districts with high child populations: Ganjam (4,20,158), Mayurbhanj (3,51,834), Baleshwar (2,88,672), Cuttack (2,71,816), Kendujhar (2,53,418).
4. Five districts with low child populations: Deogarh (39,917), Jharsuguda (64,794), Boudh (61,847), Gajapati (86,984), Subarnapur (74,821).

Rural and Urban Population

The rural population comprises 83.31% of Odisha’s total.

1. District with the highest rural population: Boudh (95.37%).
2. District with the lowest rural population: Khordha (51.84%).
3. Five districts with high rural populations: Boudh (95.37%), Nuapada (94.42%), Kendrapara (94.20%), Deogarh (92.84%), Nabarangpur (92.82%).
4. Five districts with low rural populations: Khordha (51.84%), Jharsuguda (60.11%), Sundargarh (64.74%), Sambalpur (70.41%), Cuttack (71.95%).

The urban population is 16.69%.

1. District with the highest urban population: Khordha (48.16%).
2. District with the lowest urban population: Boudh (4.63%).
3. Five districts with high urban populations: Khordha (48.16%), Jharsuguda (39.89%), Sundargarh (35.26%), Sambalpur (29.59%), Cuttack (28.05%).
4. Five districts with low urban populations: Boudh (4.63%), Nuapada (5.58%), Kendrapara (5.80%), Deogarh (7.16%), Nabarangpur (7.18%).

Scheduled Caste and Tribe Populations

The Scheduled Caste (SC) population in Odisha is 17.1% of the total.

1. District with the highest SC percentage: Subarnapur (25.6%).
2. District with the lowest SC percentage: Gajapati (6.8%).
3. Five districts with high SC populations: Subarnapur (25.6%), Boudh (23.8%), Jajpur (23.7%), Malkangiri (22.6%), Bhadrak (22.2%).
4. Five districts with low SC populations: Gajapati (6.8%), Mayurbhanj (7.3%), Sundargarh (9.2%), Keonjhar (11.6%), Khordha (13.2%).

The Scheduled Tribe (ST) population is 22.8%.

1. District with the highest ST percentage: Mayurbhanj (58.7%).
2. District with the lowest ST percentage: Puri (0.4%).
3. Five districts with high ST populations: Mayurbhanj (58.7%), Malkangiri (57.8%), Rayagada (56%), Nabarangpur (55.8%), Gajapati (54.3%).
4. Five districts with **low ST populations

**: *Puri (0.4%)*, *Kendrapara (0.7%)*, *Jagatsinghpur (0.7%)*, *Bhadrak (2%)*, *Ganjam (3.4%)*.

Religion-Wise Census of Odisha

1. Hindus form 93.63% of the population.
2. Christians are 2.77%.
3. Muslims constitute 2.17%.
4. Other religions and persuasions make up the rest, including Sikhs (0.05%), Buddhists (0.03%), Jains (0.02%), and those not stating any religion.

Schemes for Health Sector in Odisha

1. Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana: Health insurance scheme providing ₹5 lakh per family annually, with an additional ₹2 lakh for women beneficiaries.
2. Universal Health Coverage (UHC): Free health services across all government health institutions.
3. Drop Back Assistance: Provides ₹500 to pregnant women and sick infants for transportation back home post-treatment.
4. Gopabandhu Sambadika Swasthya Bima Yojana: Health insurance scheme for journalists with a coverage of ₹2 lakh per annum.
5. Nirmal Scheme: Enhances ancillary services like sanitation and security in healthcare facilities.
6. Sunetra Yojana: Universal eye healthcare, including screening for diabetic retinopathy and lifelong glaucoma treatment.
7. Sammpurna Suraksha Kabach: Provides infection-preventing kits to new mothers and babies.
8. Khushi Scheme: Free sanitary pads for girls in government-aided schools from classes 6 to 12.
9. Ama Clinic Yojana: Offers health services to economically backward individuals in urban areas.
10. Anmol Yojana: Provides Anmol Tablet Computers to Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) for better patient care.
11. Nidan Scheme: Offers free diagnostic health care services, including pathology tests, X-Ray, CT Scan, and MRI.
12. Sahaya Scheme: Provides free dialysis services with 127 machines installed in district hospitals.

Important Note: Odisha is proactive in its healthcare initiatives, focusing on universal access and tailored schemes for various population segments.

MCQ: Which district in Odisha has the highest percentage of Scheduled Tribe (ST) population?

1. Khordha
2. Mayurbhanj
3. Jagatsinghpur
4. Ganjam
   Answer: 2. Mayurbhanj