Industries in Haryana

The industrial landscape of Haryana has transformed significantly over the years, with key developments initiated post-independence and intensified in the 1980s. The state’s industrial growth was largely driven by its separation from Punjab and subsequent focused policy decisions. Haryana’s economic landscape has since evolved into a robust industrial hub, integrating modern sectors such as IT, automobiles, and biotech while retaining its historical industries like textiles and food processing.

Learning Outcomes

1. Understand the key industries that shape Haryana’s economy.
2. Identify the major industrial hubs and their specialties within the state.
3. Explore the policies and initiatives driving industrial growth in Haryana.

Development of Industries in Haryana

Haryana’s industrial base was minimal before independence, with only a few industries focused on sugar, timber, and cotton mills. Industrial expansion took off after independence, especially from the Second Five Year Plan, which prioritized industrial development. Haryana’s proximity to Delhi, coupled with central government support, bolstered its economic growth.

1. Initial industrial growth: Pre-independence, sugar, timber, and cotton mills were the primary industries. After the partition and India’s independence, the second Five Year Plan fueled industrial expansion, particularly in Faridabad, Sonipat, Panipat, and Bahadurgarh.
2. Mineral resource management: In 1966, Haryana was separated from Punjab, allowing it to frame its own industrial policy and capitalize on its mineral wealth. By 1980, mineral resources were tapped to spur further industrialization.
3. Rapid industrialization: The turn of the millennium marked a more accelerated pace of industrial development. The state declared 2013 as the “Year of Industry and Employment” and launched its New Industrial Policy in 2015, aligning with central government initiatives like ‘Make in India’, ‘Digital India’, and ‘Skill India’.

Key Industries of Haryana

Haryana’s industrial growth spans across various sectors such as food processing, textiles, automobiles, petrochemicals, and information technology. These industries form the backbone of Haryana’s economy and employ a large percentage of its population.

Food Processing and Allied Industries

Haryana, being an agrarian state, has a strong foundation in food processing industries, particularly in fruits, vegetables, and dairy.

1. Nestle India: Established in Panipat in 1992, this Swiss multinational produces well-known products like Nescafe, Maggi, and KitKat.
2. Perfetti VanMelle India: Set up in 1994 in Manesar, this confectionery giant is known for products like Mentos and Center Fresh, and holds a significant share in the sugar confectionery market.
3. Yakult Danone India: A joint venture between Japan’s Yakult and France’s Danone, established in 2005 in Sonipat, focusing on probiotic milk products.
4. GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare: Located in Sonipat, GSK is known for products like Horlicks and plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry.
5. Other industries: Companies like Parle Biscuit Factory, Madhu Ghee, and Haryana Cooperative Dairy Development contribute significantly to the state’s food processing sector.

Agro-based Industries

The state has developed agro-based industries, particularly focusing on cotton textiles and dairy.

1. Cotton Textile Industry: The cotton industry thrives in regions like Sirsa, Hisar, and Fatehabad, while Panipat has become a global center for handloom products. Gurugram and Manesar focus on ready-made garments, with many companies involved in leather garments production.
2. Paper Industry: With origins dating back to 1929, the paper industry is established in districts like Sonipat and Yamunanagar.
3. Sugar Industry: Haryana’s sugar mills, such as the Saraswati Sugar Mill in Yamunanagar, are key players in the industry.

Automobiles and Automotive Components

The automobile sector has become a significant part of Haryana’s industrial ecosystem, with companies like Maruti Suzuki and Hero Honda establishing their plants in the state.

1. Maruti Suzuki: Established in Gurugram in 1982, this Japanese company holds a major share of the Indian automobile market. Another plant was set up in Manesar in 2007, further cementing Haryana’s position as an automotive hub.
2. Hero MotoCorp: The world’s largest manufacturer of motorcycles, Hero MotoCorp, operates plants in Dharuhera and Bawal.
3. Sona Koyo Steering Systems: Known for its steering gears and power steering systems, this company operates plants in Gurugram and Bawal.
4. Escorts Limited: An engineering company located in Faridabad that produces agricultural and construction equipment, including tractors and cranes.

Petrochemical Industries

The petrochemical industry plays an essential role in Haryana’s economy, with several prominent companies operating in the state.

1. Indian Oil Corporation (IOC): A refinery was set up in Panipat in 1998, becoming one of Southeast Asia’s largest refineries.
2. SRF Limited: Established in 1970, SRF produces chemicals and industrial fabrics, essential for various industries.
3. DuPont India: Known for its innovation in chemicals and materials, this multinational company conducts research in Haryana.

Information Technology and IT Enabled Services

The IT sector has grown rapidly in Haryana, especially in Gurugram, which is home to numerous multinational companies.

1. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS): Established in 1968, TCS is one of India’s largest IT services companies and operates five offices in Gurugram.
2. NIIT: Initially set up as a vocational training institution, NIIT now operates as a major IT service provider.
3. Genpact: A leading BPO company with operations in Gurugram, Genpact provides services such as financial assistance, supply chain management, and customer support.
4. DLF Cyber City: A large IT hub in Gurugram, where several multinational companies operate, providing significant employment opportunities.

Important Note: Gurugram’s transformation into a major IT hub has been crucial for Haryana’s employment and economic growth, making it one of the most developed regions in Northern India.

Biotech Industry and Pharmaceuticals

Haryana’s biotech and pharmaceutical sectors have vast growth potential, with the government promoting research and development in this field.

1. Ranbaxy Laboratories: A significant pharmaceutical company founded in 1961, known for its research in infection diseases and new drug development.
2. Eli Lilly India: Established in 1976, this company specializes in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.
3. Pro-Agro Seeds: Based in Gurugram, this company conducts research in seed technology, plant breeding, and genetic marking.

Real Estate and Construction Industry

Haryana’s real estate industry has witnessed rapid development, particularly in Gurugram. Several major players in the real estate sector have established large residential and commercial projects.

1. DLF Limited: A pioneer in real estate development, DLF has been instrumental in developing large parts of Gurugram.
2. Emaar India: A joint venture between Emaar Properties of Dubai and MGF Development of India, focusing on real estate projects in Gurugram.
3. Vipul Limited: Known for developing prominent business and residential projects like Global Business Park and Millennium Plaza in Gurugram.
4. Ansal Limited: Another major player in real estate, developing urban infrastructure across Haryana.

Key Industrial Centres

Haryana’s industrial landscape is spread across various key districts, each specializing in different industries.

Faridabad

1. Industries: Faridabad, the largest industrial city in Haryana, is home to numerous industries related to automobiles, tractors, refrigerators, and footwear. Major companies include JCB India Limited, Whirlpool, Goodyear Tyres, and Escorts Limited.
2. Connectivity: Its proximity to Delhi makes it a significant industrial hub, well-connected by road and rail.

Panchkula

1. Electronics and IT: Known for electronics manufacturing and its IT park, Panchkula is a developing industrial center. Bharat Electronics was established here in 1954.
2. Nano City: A proposed Nano City Project is set to further boost Panchkula’s industrial profile.

Panipat

1. Textiles: Panipat is recognized globally for its handloom products, carpets, and blankets. It is the largest center for Shoddy Yarn production.
2. Oil Refinery: The Indian Oil Refinery in Panipat is the largest oil refinery in India, producing millions of metric tons of oil annually.

Gurugram

1. IT and Automobiles: Gurugram, often referred to as Cyber City, is a significant hub for both IT services and automobile manufacturing. It houses Maruti Suzuki, Hero MotoCorp, and several IT companies.
2. High-income hub: Gurugram boasts the third highest per capita income in India, following Mumbai and Chandigarh.

Important Note: The rise of Gurugram as a global city and IT hub is a testament to Haryana’s industrial vision, attracting half of the Fortune 500 companies.

Sonipat

1. Industrial growth: Known as the Golden City, Sonipat has industries ranging from food processing to textiles and chemicals. It is home to major companies like Yakult Danone and GlaxoSmithKline.
2. Atlas Cycle: Once a major global cycle manufacturer, the Atlas Cycle factory in Sonipat ceased operations